改造后的奥芬巴赫港口©Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl
奥芬巴赫港（Offenbach），位于德国法兰克福历史悠久的的美因河畔，距市中心上游约5公里，拥有优越的地理位置和风景。安博戴水道城市规划设想将水和现有城市以及过去港口的历史紧密联系，通过一个城市漫步网络把美因河水和更多的城市建筑密集区、城市公园、城市河湖网络连接在一起；通过植入综合商业、居住、办公等功能空间增加中心广场活力；并通过增加新的公共可达的蓝绿色开放空间来积极改善邻近的Nordend街区，将曾经的工业半岛转化为一个新的可持续发展的城市新区。The former industrial harbour of Offenbach, a city by the River Main approximately 5km upstream from the historic citycentre of Frankfurt, Germany, is blessed with an advantageous location and scenery. Surrounded by water, a new city district is being created. The urban planning concept envisions the strong connection to the water and the existingcity, as well as the experience of the rough harbour past as basic designprinciples. The plaza by the harbour is certainly the centrepiece of the development, supporting the rejuvenation of the industrial site through a mix of retail, housing and office spaces, and positively enhancing the adjacent Nordend neighbourhood through the addition of new, publicly accessible blue-green open spaces. 
改造前的奥芬巴赫港口 ©Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl
从历史上看，奥芬巴赫港自1900年代初曾是重要的石油、天然气和煤炭运输中转站。但是在上世纪90年代逐渐失去了它的重要性。从那时起该区域便开始寻求新的空间利用。2007年着手奥芬巴赫港口设计之前已经有上版规划，即2004年由Ortner + Ortner 提出的规划方案，但由于其很难推向市场找到专业的投资者而无限期延期。安博戴水道团队从一个全新的视野来审视城市规划，将可持续性纳入城市结构。为这个地区的重新设计带来了突破性的发展，新的城市蓝图开始建设起来了。Historically Offenbach Harbour served as atransit point for oil, gas and coal since the early 1900s, but lost itsimportance in the 1990s. A lengthy planning process began in search of a newconcept for utilising the space. The first urban plans were laid out in 2004 by Ortner + Ortner for a mixed use development of residences and offices, difficulties of bringing the project to the market and finding dedicated investors led to costly delays.In 2007 a fresh look on the urban design through Ramboll Studio Dreiseit ，integrating sustainability in the urban fabric， succefully land a positive market development brought the break-through in the development. Since then there are continuously cranes onthe site and construction is ongoing.
总规划概览©Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl
Creating People-Friendly Open Spaces
创造环境友好型的开放空间
港口广场是项目开发的核心，相较于上版总体规划在滨水空间设置活动场地，我们选择利用河流内港布置港口活动广场，通过优美、宽阔、波浪状的斜坡台阶延伸到水里来缓缓拥抱港口水域。The previous master plan oriented theprimary gesture of the main harbourfront plaza at the head of the river awayfrom the waterfront edge. Instead, we opted to open up the space and embracethe harbour waters through the creation of graceful, wide, wave-shaped stepsgently sloping and draining towards the water.
平面图 ©Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl
这个开敞空间的一个关键特征是宽阔的波浪状台阶，象征了波浪的节奏。在项目的早期阶段，我们提出在水上搭建舞台的概念，使用台阶作为观众的宽敞座位。设计要求保留现状驳岸边界，但我们通过打开视觉轴使得场地北端面向水面方向拥有开阔视野，实现了实体空间与美因河的精神联系的目标。A key feature are the wide, undulating wave-like steps that are representative of the rhythm of waves spreading over the plaza. In the early stages of the project, we had conceptualised the idea to create a stage set on the water, using the steps as generous seating for spectators. While concepts for a harbour swimming pool or an indentation into the harbour’s wall edge were not possible to realise, by limiting obstruction along key visual axis and freeing views from the “Nord end” area of the site towards the water, our goal of creat in gphysical and mental connection with the River Main has been accomplished.另一个重点是，主要港口广场面向美因河，而不是像上版规划中城市布局那样“向后”转向海滨。广场的概念是在穿越广场空间时营造出一种人们踩着半岛的感觉。广场是中央集会空间，通过城市居民的使用，使得该片区的活力被激活。虽然优化上版批复规划方案很有挑战，但是，为居民积极改善开放空间系统的整体方法使客户和当地政客都深信该提案的宜居性。Another focal, the main harbour plaza opens towards the River Main instead of ‘turning its back’ to the waterfront, as in the previous urban layout. The concept for the plaza was to create the sensation, while crossing the plaza space, that people were either stepping on a peninsula. This approach required modifying the recently approved construction plan, a task which can typically prove to be difficult. However, the holistic approach to positively enhance the open space system for residents convinced both the Client and local politicians of the proposal’s liveability quality. The results of this controversial effort are visible today as the main plaza is central gathering space and activated through extensive use.
內湾开放广场设计效果图©Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl
开放空间的多功能利用©Heidenreich
我们将此次挑战看作是机遇，努力重建奥芬巴赫港口，进一步挖掘城市现有水资源的功能和作用，激活城市空间活力。开放空间在整个半岛占据着战略性的位置，它创造了一个开放的视觉焦点。我们希望吸引市民来到港口区域，在这里亲水休憩。或者可以在接近港口地区时想象美因河丰富蜿蜒的形式和形态。We saw these challenges as opportunities, joining the redevelopment effort of Offenbach Harbour with the desire to bring forward the presence, significance and capability of water to be a powerful, positive spatial enhancer within the urban realm. Open spaces are strategically located throughout the peninsula, creating visually stunning, open views to the water front. Our basic concept is that citizens should be able to see and experience the River Main – or, at the very least, be able to imagine its rich forms and patterns upon approach of the harbour area.
內湾开放广场是开放的视觉焦点©Heidenreich
宽阔的波浪状台阶是广场一大特色©Heidenreich
在土壤污染严重、充满挑战的环境中，一个全面的雨水管理概念被付诸实践，以创建柔质城市空间和街景，同时在雨水汇入河流和港湾之前，对它们进行存续和净化。净化群落等创新型天然水处理系统被整合入公园空间之中，新的自然栖息地被创造，为河岸边动、植物提供栖息地，同时也为城市创造了一处清新的绿洲。In the challenging environment of contaminated soil, a holistic stormwater management concept has been developed to create soft city spaces and streetscapes while retaining and cleansing stormwater before releasing it to the river and harbour. Innovative natural water treatment systems such as cleansing biotopes are integrated into the park spaces, and new natural habitats are created for riparian flora and fauna whilst being a refreshing green oasis for the city.
随着该地区的发展，生物多样性水平继续提高。群落生境为昆虫和蝴蝶以及热带植物提供了新的栖息地。Biodiversity levels continue to improve as the area develops. Biotopes provide new habitats for insects and butterflies as well as thermophilic flora.
infiltration planters生物净化©Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl
Unique Site Context and Location
独一无二的连接中心
开放绿地吸引市民走向水、接近水、享受新空间©Heidenreich
奥芬巴赫（Offenbach）开发项目总共建立了四个大型的公共绿地。其最大的挑战就是如何平衡城市需求和有限的城市空间。巧妙地建立一个公众聚集区，满足居民的集会需求，以保持这个城市的活跃度。广场北部边缘被规划为一个互动的公共游乐空间，广场南面则更加商业化，提供了一个与广场空间配套的零售购物中心。The Offenbach development establishes a total of four, large-scale, publicly accessible green spaces. A main challenge for this plaza was balancing the creation of a smartly oriented public gathering area that invited and drew people in, while remaining active, maintained and functional, limiting large, non-usable space creation. The northern edges of the plaza are programmed with interactive play areas whereas the south is more commercial in character, providing a plaza space supporting the retail shopping centre land use adjacent.
广场临近商业区的水景©Heidenreich
波浪状的斜坡台阶延伸到水里©Heidenreich
Industrial Past Integrated throughMaterials and Elements
整合工业遗址与港口历史
工业时期的粗狂魅力被保留了下来——巨大的生锈钢铁结构的塔式起重机伫立在港口——它成为这个城市独特的记忆，让人们可以沿着水岸回顾这个城市的走过的工业时代。The rough charm of the former industrial harbour –with its large, rusted steel construction remnants and a towering steel crane -is a unique identifier that recalls the site’s industrial roots along the water’s edge.
受现存遗址和港口历史的启发，建筑材料我们选择了粗糙、坚固和耐用材料。天然的大幅面鹅卵石和耐候钢装饰墙壁和栏杆，带纹理的水泥和胶泥混凝土铺筑人行道。广场照明设计根据标准的八米高建筑开发，并装有可持续的LED设备。
In addition to preserving the old crane as a heritage element, weaving the story of the harbour’s historical working past into the new development was important and inspired our choice of building materials - rough, robust and durable were key factors. We selected natural, large format cobble stones, ‘rusting’ metal for walls and railings, and textured cement and mastic concrete for pedestrian pavement. Plaza lighting features were developed based upon a standard eight-metre high construction beam and populated with sustainable LED equipment.
材料选择突出港口的工业风格©Heidenreich
Nordend地区紧邻奥芬巴赫港重建区，位于市中心边缘，基于人口调查数据，这里的移民背景和低收入人群的比例较高。因此，我们希望通过整合面向居民的空间设计和周到的服务设施设计来缓解由于新开发地区租金上涨导致的流离失所，以及中产阶级化的担忧和负面影响，创造了新的就业机会。The Nordend area, bordering the Offenbach Harbour redevelopment, is located at the edge of the city centre, and is composed demographically with a higher percentage of people with a migrant background and low income. Concerns of gentrification and the negative effect of new development regarding rental prices and displacement aim to be abated through the thoughtful integration of civicoriented spaces and facilities for both neighbourhoods to utilise. New job opportunities have been created.
滨水休闲步道，提升场地服务设施©Heidenreich
在项目开发之前曾作为受欢迎的海滩俱乐部，而在建筑完工后重回这里，娱乐和自发性的社会互动再次被激活。城市社区花园吸引市民走向水、接近水、享受新空间。奥芬巴赫港口改造后氛围活跃，为成功的综合性开发奠定了良好基础。
Prior to its current development, the space served a temporary public open space function as a popular beach club, to be reappropriated after the buildings were completed. Further temporary uses were activated as opportunities for recreation and spontaneous social interaction began to take place; the results include the establishment of an urban community garden which was widely accepted by the residents, becoming a successful example of an integration project able to draw citizens towards the water and enjoy the new spaces. The liveliness of these projects coupled with the dynamics of the urban development in Offenbach bear a promising future for the coming years and a good basis for a socially successful and integrated project.
建筑材料选择了粗糙、坚固和耐用材料©Heidenreich
座椅设计©Heidenreich
位于半岛顶端的公园目前正在开发建设中，站在未来绿地的中心，法拉克福如城市画卷一样在眼前展开，静静聆听着周边的海水的海浪声。这将是一个独特的开放空间和整体发展的最大亮点。 The park at the tip of the peninsula is currently under development. Standing in the location of the future green are awhile looking towards Frankfurt, one is surrounded by the physical presence as well as the sound of the harbour waters; this will be a unique open space and highlight for the overall development.
正在开发中的半岛公园©Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl
奥芬巴赫港完成转型后将有望成为让未来世界为之一振的发展中心, 这里是最佳的城市入口，拥有最方便的城市公共交通，能为城市居民提供更高的生活品质。蓝绿基础设施的创建降低了噪音和环境污染，沿着美茵河的漫步道骑行二十分钟，人们就可以到达法兰克福城市中心。
本次设计通过综合的工程手法、创建富有吸引力的街区、以适应气候变化提供了一个务实的解决方式。奥芬巴赫市也将成功转型成为一个现代的、可持续发展的、具有创新性，环境友好的城市。该项目2011年被授予相当于LEED铂金奖的欧洲第一的DGNB可持续城市区域金奖，2018年获得了“德国设计奖”优秀城市空间和基础设施奖。
Offenbach Harbour has the potential to become one of the most exciting, new urban developments worldwide. The site’s location is a key factor. The project site offers a high quality of life for residents, with optimal access and public transport connectivity. Noise and pollution levels are reduced and to the Frankfurt city centre it’s a convenient 20 minutes bike ride along the river Main.
The city of Offenbach has a distinct opportunity to present itself as modern, sustainable, creative and environmentally friendly. This project is a pragmatic vision of how climate adaptation can be achieved in urban context creating attractive neighbourhoods through integrated engineering. The project has prequalified for the prestigious DGNB Gold for a sustainable city district, comparable to a LEEDS Platinum rating, a European first and won German Design Award Winner excellent communications design-urban spaceand infrastructure 2018.
所获奖项: 2011DGNB可持续城市区域金奖，2018德国设计奖城市空间和基础设施优秀设计奖
项目委托: Mainviertel Offenbach GmbH & Co. KG
工程设计: Schüßler-Plan
项目类型: 城市规划，水敏城市设计，气候与环境，气候适应与风险管理，景观设计与空间规划，工业再生性设计，生态基础设施，滨水空间设计
设计时间: 2007~2017年
施工时间: 2011~2021年
项目面积: 一期10.7公顷，共20公顷
Awards: DGNB Gold Sustainable City District2011; German Design Award Winner excellent communications design-urban spaceand infrastructure 2018
Client: Mainviertel Offenbach GmbH &Co. KG
Engineers: Schüßler-Plan
Expertise: watersensitive urban design, Climate &environment, climate adapatation and risk management, Landscape architecture and spatial planning, industrial regeneration, ecological infrastructure, waterfront space
Design: 2007-2017
Construction: 2011-2021
Area: 20 ha，phaseⅠ 10.7ha
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